Hydroclimatic Extremes Evaluation Using GRACE/GRACE-FO and Multidecadal Climatic Variables over the Nile River Basin

Hydroclimatic extremes such as droughts and floods triggered by human-induced climate change are causing severe damage in the Nile River Basin (NRB). These hydroclimatic not well studied a holistic approach NRB. In this study, Gravity Recovery Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission its Follow on (GRACE-FO) derived indices other standardized computed for developing monitoring evaluation methods of flood drought. We evaluated extreme conditions using GRACE/GRACE-FO water storage deficits Index (WSDI); (i.e., Palmer Drought Severity (PDSI) others). This study showed that during 1950–2019, eight major ten events were identified based standardized-indices GRACE/GRACE-FO-derived indices. Standardized-indices mostly underestimated drought severity level compared to Among PDSI show highest correlation (r2 = 0.72) with WSDI. GRACE-/GRACE-FO-derived can capture all events; hence, it may be an ideal substitute data-scarce hydro-meteorological sites. Therefore, proposed framework serve useful tool better understanding NRB similar climatic regions.